Chingi-Tura
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Nowadays there is one well known quote from the annals:«В лето 7094 (1586) по государеву цареву и великого князя Федора Ивановича Всея Руси указу приидоша с Руси воеводы Василий Борисов сын Сукин да Иван Мясной с ними же многие русские люди и ермаковы казаки… и поставиши на реке Туре град Тюмень, иже прежде быть город Чимги, и домы себе поставиши и воздвигоша ж церковь во имя живоначальные Троицы в прибежище всем православным крестьянам».(it says that the governors Myasnoy and Sukin have founded the Tyumen city , early called Chimgi.)
It is believed that this is the first mention of Tyumen.From here the official chronology of the first Russian city in Siberia begins. However, in the Archangelogorsk annals in the 1406 it was written : «Тое же зимы царь Женибек уби Тактамыша в Сибирскои земли близ Тюмени, а сам седе на Орде». (In the winter tsar zhanibek has killed Taktamish in Siberia near Tyumen)On maps dating back to the advent of the Cossacks in Siberia, the city of Tyumen is also found. And it means that the topographical name of Tyumen appeared long before the officially adopted date.It is connected with the fact that the same settlements in the first half and middle of the second millennium could carry several different names at once.In 1741, G.F. Miller wrote that the Tatars did not use this word with the official name of the Tyumen city , and this city was being called Chingi-Tura.He supported the version of voivode P.I. Godunov that the city was founded in 1220 by Tsarevich Taibuga and named after Genghis Khan.
In the XIV century, the Tyumen Khanate was founded, which at first was part of the Golden Horde. And Chingi-Tura, or Tyumen, was its capital
It is believed that this is the first mention of Tyumen.From here the official chronology of the first Russian city in Siberia begins. However, in the Archangelogorsk annals in the 1406 it was written : «Тое же зимы царь Женибек уби Тактамыша в Сибирскои земли близ Тюмени, а сам седе на Орде». (In the winter tsar zhanibek has killed Taktamish in Siberia near Tyumen)On maps dating back to the advent of the Cossacks in Siberia, the city of Tyumen is also found. And it means that the topographical name of Tyumen appeared long before the officially adopted date.It is connected with the fact that the same settlements in the first half and middle of the second millennium could carry several different names at once.In 1741, G.F. Miller wrote that the Tatars did not use this word with the official name of the Tyumen city , and this city was being called Chingi-Tura.He supported the version of voivode P.I. Godunov that the city was founded in 1220 by Tsarevich Taibuga and named after Genghis Khan.
In the XIV century, the Tyumen Khanate was founded, which at first was part of the Golden Horde. And Chingi-Tura, or Tyumen, was its capital
The earliest and most detailed description of the ruins of Chimgi-Tura is contained in the explication to the plan of Tyumen in 1766, shot after a big fire. «Начальное заведение и укрепление сего города, — читаем мы в ней, — было самое древнее. Построенное одним ханским сыном Тайбугою еще до владения в Сибири хана Кучума. Онаго укрепления остатки и теперь довольно видны, под литерою А называетца Царево городище. Окружено с трех сторон глубокими боераками и речкой Тюменкой. Под литерою В лог глубиною 3 сажени шириною 15 сажен. Об оном логе сыздревле слышитца, што оной был сначала зделан рвом, который составлял тому городищу с сей стороны укрепление. Под литерою С называетца Болшое городище, а под литерою Д Малое городище. Под литерою Е вал шириною 2 аршина. При ем ров шириною 1 сажень глубиною 1 1/2 сажени. Город назывался Цимги-Тура. Под литерою F наружной вал шириною 2 сажени вышиною 2 аршина. При ем ров шириною 1 1/2 сажени глубиною 1 1/2 аршина». ( it is a part of the detailed description of Chimgi-Tura)
In the past, Chimgi Tura was an almost impregnable fortress which was built on a high cape, protected by ravines and a river. And its most inaccessible part was turned into an island.
The streets formed yurts in rows. Each dome was decorated with a bunchuk - a fluttering horse tail. The two-horned bunchuk designated the yurt of the foreman, the three-horned - the centurion. In the figure in the fortified part of the city, yurts are depicted with three-, five-horned tops, and the dome of the khan's residence is crowned with an eight-horned decoration. This means that all these dwellings of the nomadic nobility are descendants of the Kipchaks, Mongols, Nogais, who surrounded themselves with servants, wives, and dancers. Yurts are grouped in two, three, five, apparently reflecting the resettlement of family clans. These light portable dwellings were covered with felts, lairs and carpets were laid on the floor, and beds were laid out of felts and down jackets. Near the dwellings, a riding horse was kept ready, and the rest of the cattle grazed by the river under the supervision of shepherds.Outside the citadel - in the village - there were half dugouts covered with clay or turf, in which the local population lived, subject to alien khans.
The streets formed yurts in rows. Each dome was decorated with a bunchuk - a fluttering horse tail. The two-horned bunchuk designated the yurt of the foreman, the three-horned - the centurion. In the figure in the fortified part of the city, yurts are depicted with three-, five-horned tops, and the dome of the khan's residence is crowned with an eight-horned decoration. This means that all these dwellings of the nomadic nobility are descendants of the Kipchaks, Mongols, Nogais, who surrounded themselves with servants, wives, and dancers. Yurts are grouped in two, three, five, apparently reflecting the resettlement of family clans. These light portable dwellings were covered with felts, lairs and carpets were laid on the floor, and beds were laid out of felts and down jackets. Near the dwellings, a riding horse was kept ready, and the rest of the cattle grazed by the river under the supervision of shepherds.Outside the citadel - in the village - there were half dugouts covered with clay or turf, in which the local population lived, subject to alien khans.
